Global Differences in Hierarchy

One of the key cultural differences that exists between different countries and regions is the differences in hierarchy within organizations.  

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In some cultures, there is a strong emphasis on maintaining a strict hierarchy with clear lines of authority, while in others there is a more egalitarian approach with an emphasis on collaboration and cooperation among colleagues at all levels of the organization.  

Understanding these cultural differences in hierarchy is important for businesses and organizations that operate across international borders. 

Egalitarian cultures tend to place a high value on equality and inclusiveness. In these cultures, the ideal boss is seen as a facilitator who works alongside their subordinates to achieve shared goals. Organizational structures tend to be flat, with minimal levels of hierarchy. Communication within these organizations often skips hierarchical lines, with a focus on open and transparent communication across all levels of the organization. Egalitarian cultures include countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden, and Canada. 

On the other hand, hierarchical cultures tend to place a high value on status and hierarchy. In these cultures, the ideal boss is seen as a strong director who leads from the front and maintains strict control over their subordinates. Organizational structures tend to be multilayered and fixed, with clear lines of authority and strict protocols for communication. In these cultures, there is a strong emphasis on respecting the chain of command and following established procedures. Hierarchical cultures include countries such as Japan, China, and France. 

Examples 

General traits of egalitarian cultures:	General traits of hierarchical cultures:
It’s okay to disagree with the boss openly even in front of others.	An effort is made to defer to the boss’s opinion especially in public.
People are more likely to move to action without getting the boss’s okay	People are more likely to get the boss’s approval before moving to action
If meeting with a client or supplier, there is less focus on matching hierarchical levels	If you send your boss, they will send their boss. If your boss cancels, their boss also may not come.
It’s okay to e-mail or call people several levels below or above you.	Communication follows the hierarchical chain.
With clients or partners, you will be seated and spoken to in no specific order.	With clients or partners, you may be seated and spoken to in order of position.

It is important to note that these cultural differences in hierarchy are not absolute, and there can be significant variation within individual organizations and even within different regions of a single country. However, understanding these general cultural tendencies can be helpful for businesses and organizations that are seeking to establish effective collaborations across borders.